Automotive sensors are input devices for automotive computer systems, which convert various operating conditions such as vehicle speed, temperature of various media, engine operating conditions, etc. into electrical signals and transmit them to the computer for optimal engine operation. There are many sensors used in cars, and when judging the malfunction of a sensor, one should not only consider the sensor itself, but also the entire circuit that has malfunctioned. Therefore, when searching for faults, in addition to checking the sensors, it is also necessary to check the wiring harness, connectors, and relevant circuits between the sensors and the electronic control unit.

Miniaturization, lightweighting, and low power consumption: In order to pursue energy conservation and space utilization, cars require all electronic components to be as small and lightweight as possible. Sensors will continue to develop towards miniaturization, and new materials and processes will help reduce size and weight. For example, MEMS technology is constantly shrinking in size and becoming more compact in packaging, enabling the integration of inertial sensors and other systems on a chip (SoC). In terms of power consumption, especially in electric vehicles, the cumulative power consumption of hundreds of sensors cannot be ignored. In the future, sensors will adopt lower power circuit designs, and even reduce low energy consumption through wake-up mechanisms, energy harvesting (such as thermoelectric/vibration energy harvesting), and other means without affecting performance.

High reliability and long lifespan: With the advent of autonomous driving and electric vehicles, the importance of sensors has never been greater, and each sensor may be related to driving safety. Therefore, future automotive sensors must maintain long-term stable operation in more extreme environments, with further improvement in high temperature resistance, vibration resistance, waterproof and dustproof capabilities. Especially for autonomous driving sensors, it is necessary to achieve automotive grade ASIL-D functional safety level, support regular self inspection and rapid fault diagnosis. Improving the lifespan and stability of sensors is also part of cost control, as the maintenance cost and frequency of replacing sensors need to be minimized as much as possible.

Multi sensor fusion and redundancy: High level autonomous driving requires the fusion of multiple sensors to cover various working conditions. Future vehicles will be equipped with more types and quantities of sensors, integrating information such as cameras, radar, ultrasound, and V2X communication to achieve 360 ° all-round perception. At the same time, for safety reasons, there will be redundant designs for critical sensing, such as multiple radars/cameras covering the same area, and different principle sensors verifying each other to ensure that the system can still operate reliably in the event of a single sensor failure or interference. This places higher demands on sensor data fusion algorithms and real-time performance.

Sensor integration and intelligence: Vehicle electronic and electrical architecture is evolving from distributed to domain centralized or even centralized, and sensors will become more integrated and modular. For example, a combination sensor may simultaneously measure multiple physical quantities (such as pressure/temperature integrated sensors), reducing volume and cost. At the same time, sensors themselves will become more intelligent, with built-in microprocessors and algorithms that can filter, linearize, and self diagnose raw signals at the front-end, and even integrate simple AI to adapt to environmental changes. This will reduce the load on the ECU and improve data reliability.